ÿDSIc bô³BRITICENGDXPENGBPCENGDXBes~simpdocahds,brl ,au?or;y (! ,unit$ ,k+domhdees~tp.title.,briti% ,brl #bjjdee~tp.title.tls,briti% ,brl #bjjdtlees~subtitle,li/ ( ,*angesee~subtitlees~para.,! foll[+ is a detail$ li/ (! *anges & a4i;ns 6! brl rules 3ta9$ 9 ! new $i;n ( ,briti% ,brl issu$ 0! ,brl ,au?or;y (! ,unit$ ,k+dom 7,,bauk74 ,? $i;n replaces ! previ\s $i;n publi%$ 9 #aiib4 ,! revi.n 9corporates id1s & su7es;ns ( brl us]s & produc]s collect$ s9ce ! la/ update 9 #aiib1 z well z mak+ correc;ns4 ,! docu;t 8,capitals 9 ,briti% ,brl0 publi%$ 0,,bauk 9 #aiih is al sup]s$$ 0? $i;n ( ,briti% ,brl4ee~para.es~para.,x is anticipat$ t brl produc]s w 2 a# 69corporate ^! *anges 96_! transcrip;ns 0! 5d ( ,augu/ #bjje1 & ? may 2 reg>d$ z ! (ficial imple;t,n date4 ,h["e1 brl produc]s & us]s :o wi% 6proce$ 2f t date may imple;t ! rule *anges z soon z 3v5i5t4ee~para.es~para.,ref];es 9 ? docu;t >e 6sec;ns & p>agraphs 9 ! new $i;n4ee~para.es~sectiones~head.,g5]al ,/ructureee~head.es~para.,? $i;n ( ,briti% ,brl cov]s rules relat+ bo? 6transcrip;ns ": capitals >e 9dicat$1 & ^? 9 : !y >e n4 ,= economy ( exposi;n ? is a*iev$ 09s]t+ rules relat+ 6non-capitaliz$ brl only1 at ! relevant po9ts1 & m>k+ ^! rules ) an a/]isk4 ,capitals >e norm,y 9dicat$ 9 ! examples 9 ! pr9t $i;n1 b = non-capitaliz$ brl ! di6];e is g5],y j a matt] ( dropp+ ! capital 9dicators1 or ( apply+ "o ( ^! m>k$ rules 6obta9 ! non-capitaliz$ v].n4ee~para.es~para.,bo? a capitaliz$ &a non-capitaliz$ v].n ( ,briti% ,brl is 2+ produc$ 9 brl4 ,bo? ^! v].ns 3ta9 ! full set ( rules4 ,in ! =m] v].n ! examples >e z 9 ! pr9t $i;n2 9 ! latt] bo? ! text & examples >e %[n )\t capitals un.s a po9t specific,y relat+ 6capitals is 2+ illu/rat$4ee~para.ee~sectiones~sectiones~head.,sec;n #b4 ,"*s & ,signsee~head.es~para.#b1c4 ,! oblique /roke is n[ a #b-cell sign1 dots #def#cd1 r ?an ! s+le-cell sign1 dots #cd4 ,? removes ! ambigu;y )! 3trac;n = ;st4 ,examples >e giv5 9 sec;n #d1f4ee~para.es~para.#b1d4 ,9troduc;n (a "p ^w italic sign 7dots #df#b74 ,? sign is us$ ": x is nec 6%[ t c]ta9 lrs only 9 a ^w >e italiciz$1 e4g4 ^w 5d+s 9 gramm> books4 ,xs use is expla9$ 9 #e1e1ag-#ah4 ,0us+ ? sign x is no l;g] nec 69s]t hyph5s 9 brl 9 s* cases1 &! pr9t c 2 repres5t$ m a3urately4ee~para.es~para.,9troduc;n ( an italic t]m9ator sign 7dots #df#c74 ,? sign is us$ 6t]m9ate an italic passage1 & is plac$ at ! 5d (! passage1 r ?an 2f ! la/ ^w 9 ! passage4 ,! me?od is expla9$ 9 #e1e1a & illu/rat$ 9 s"eal examples )9 sec;n #e1e on italics4 ,note t ! ord9>y italic sign & italic passage sign 7d\# italics7 h n *ang$4 ,n"e!.s ? is an important *ange 6! way italics >e %[n 9 brl = passages4 ,! me?od is 3si/5t ) t us$ = capitaliz$ passages1 & corresponds m closely ) :at actu,y o3urs 9 text & :at y wd d :5 us+ a ^w processor1 ": y turn italics (f af ! la/ ^w 9 a passage1 r ?an 2f x4ee~para.es~para.,9troduc;n (a non-,roman passage t]m9ator 7dots #ef#c74 ,? is us$ 9 a simil> way 6! italic passage t]m9ator & capital passage t]m9ator1 & is expla9$ 9 #e1h1b4ee~para.es~para.,9clu.n (! capital t]m9ator 7dot #f#c74 ,? is ! sign 9troduc$ 9 ! l1flet on capitals m5;n$ abv4 ,xs use is expla9$ 9 sec;n #e1b on capitals4ee~para.es~para.,note t ! abv ?ree t]m9ators =m a gr\p ( signs ) simil> 3/ruc;n & use4ee~para.es~para.,9clu.n (! -put] code 9dicator sign 7dot #f#cdf74 ,in lit]>y brl ? is ma9ly us$ :5 transcrib+ email & web a4resses4 ,xs use is expla9$ 9 sec;n #e1c 7see 2l74ee~para.es~para.#b1f4 ,9troduc;n ( new signs =! foll[+ pr9t symbols3 c5t :5 %[n 9 pr9t z a symbol r ?an z an ord9>y lr ;c 7dot #d#ad71 euro 7dot #d#ae71 y5 7dot #d#acdef71 -m]cial at 7dot #d#bcdf71 copy"r 7dots #de#ad71 regi/]$ trade m>k 7dots #de#abce71 trade m>k 7dots #de#bcde71 bullet 7dots #def#bef74ee~para.es~para.#b1g4 ,? is a ta# giv+ "s signs f ! ,,uk brl -put] code4 ,^! signs >e /&>d1 b 9clud$ =! f/ "t 9 ,briti% ,brl1 ma9ly =! transcrip;n ( email & web a4resses1 z expla9$ 9 sec;n #e1c4ee~para.ee~sectiones~sectiones~head.,sec;n #d4 ,use ( ,punctu,n ,signsee~head.es~para.#d1a1b4 ,x is no l;g] nec 69s]t an apo/rophe 9 brl 9 cases s* z #aicjs 7": ! apo/rophe is abs5t 9 pr9t74 ,simil>ly1 an apo/rophe is n ne$$ 9 cases s* z ,ps & ,qs :5 capitals >e %[n4 ,? *ange 0 made 65a# brl 6foll[ mod]n pr9t practice m closely4ee~para.es~para.#d1a1e4 & #d1e1d4 ,:5 pr9t uses hyph5s 7r ?an dots or a/]isks7 = omitt$ lrs 9 ^ws1 brl %d foll[ suit4 ,? a4i;n all[s brl 6natur,y foll[ pr9t 9 s* cases4ee~para.es~para.#d1c1a4 & #f1a1d4 ,x is not$ t pr9t "s"ts uses a l;g] /yle ( hyph5 2t numb]s ?an x does 2t ^ws 7e4g4 9 page ranges 9 an 9dex74 ,! rule says t ^! %d 2 tr1t$ z normal hyph5s 9 brl1 r ?an z da%es4 ,? is normal transcrip;n practice1 b docu;t$ 9 ,briti% ,brl =! f/ "t4ee~para.es~para.#d1c1e4 ,! rule ab divid+ a brl l9e at a da% has be5 g5]aliz$1 & cl>ific,ns h be5 a4$ ab special cases1 s* z ! -b9,n colon da% : %d n 2 divid$4ee~para.es~para.#d1c1f4 ,:5 a da% 9dicates suppress$ lrs (a ^w1 a case s* z 8;s----0 ": ! s+le lr cd 2 r1d z a ^wsign1 n[ requires a lr sign1 ?us remov+ ! ambigu;y4 ,in cases s* z 8th----01 ! ;th %d 2 uncontract$1 ag 6avoid ambigu;y4ee~para.es~para.#d1d1c4 ,:5 a s]ies ( dots is us$ 9 pr9t 69dicate an 9t]rupt$ ^w1 ! ellipsis %d 2 us$ 9 brl4 ,?1 l #d1a1e1 all[s brl 6natur,y foll[ pr9t4ee~para.es~para.#d1f1c4 ,! oblique /roke may n[ 2g9 or 5d a brl l9e1 or may 2 spac$4 ,? is possi# 2c ! new sign is unambigu\s 9 ea* ( ^! cases1 s "! is no ne$ 6apply special re/ric;ns 9 brl z 0 previ\sly ! case4 ,h["e1 x is / recomm5d$ t divi.n at ! 5d (a brl l9e %d 2 made af an oblique /roke1 r ?an 2f4 ,:5 divid+ a brl l9e af an oblique /roke x is no l;g] nec 69s]t a hyph5 9 brl3 )! new sign "! is c]ta9ly no ambigu;y "h4ee~para.es~para.#d1f1d4 ,! new oblique /roke sign may 2 freely us$ 9 3junc;n )! ;st 3trac;n4ee~para.es~para.#d1f1e4 ,simple upp] ^wsigns may al n[ g5],y 2 us$ 9 3junc;n )! oblique /roke 2c ! ambigu;y has be5 remov$4 ,h["e1 (! l[] ^wsigns1 only 8to01 89to0 & 8by0 foll[+ ! oblique /roke may 2 us$ 9 3tact ) t sign4ee~para.es~para.#d1g1e4 ,a quot$ h1d+ divid$ ov] m ?an "o l9e is tr1t$ z a s+le item z reg>ds quot,n m>ks3 ! op5+ quote is n rep1t$ 2f ea* l9e4 ,? is simply a cl>ific,n4ee~para.es~para.#d1h4 ,? sec;n li/+ ! ord] 9 : -posi;n & punctu,n signs %d 2 giv5 9 brl has be5 mov$ f ! />t ( sec;n #d1 ": x appe>$ 9 ! previ\s $i;n4 ,( "picul> note ) capitaliz$ brl is ! fact t ! lr sign prec$es ea* (! capital 9dicators3 s+le1 ^w or passage4 ,?us if a lr o3urs z ! f/ item 9 a capitaliz$ passage1 xs lr sign %d prec$e ! capital passage 9dicator4 ,! rule is /raid1 b "s 9/.es s* z ? o3urr+ ) capitaliz$ brl may 2 unfamili>4ee~para.ee~sectiones~sectiones~head.,sec;n #e4 ,use ( ,-posi;n ,signsee~head.es~para.#e1b4 ,? sec;n on capitals 3ta9s mo/ (! rules giv5 9 ! l1flet 8,capitals 9 ,briti% ,brl0 publi%$ 9 #aiih1 & replaces ! correspond+ sec;n 9 ! previ\s $i;n4 ,h["e1 rules 9 t l1flet relat+ 63trac;ns & o!r specific >1s s* z a2revi,ns h be5 mov$ 6! relevant sec;ns else": 9 ,briti% ,brl1 e4g4 #h1b1aj d1ls ) sequ5c+ & capital 9dicators4ee~para.es~para.#e1b1a4 ,? /ates t ! 9dic,n ( capitals 9 brl is op;nal 9 ! ,,uk4ee~para.es~para.#e1b1e4 ,a capitaliz$ h1d+ divid$ ov] m ?an "o l9e is tr1t$ z a s+le item z reg>ds capital 9dicators3 a capital passage 9dicator is n rep1t$ 2f ea* l9e4 ,? is a cl>ific,n simil> 6#d1g1e4ee~para.es~para.#e1b1af4 ,! li/ ( exemp;ns 6! 9dic,n ( capitals 9 brl has be5 r$uc$ -p>$ 6! #aiih l1flet1 s9ce x is n[ /at$ g5],y 9 #e1b1a t ! 9dic,n ( capitals is op;nal4ee~para.es~para.#e1c4 ,? is a new sec;n provid+ =! use ( signs f ! ,,uk brl -put] code 9 lit]>y brl 6repres5t special /r+s ( "*s1 e4g4 email & web a4resses1 : miy code rules4 ,? me?od has 9 fact be5 9 use = "s "t 0transcrip;n ag5cies :5 braill+ electronic a4resses1 b n[ t x is 9clud$ 9 ,briti% ,brl1 explanatory notes expla9+ ! me?od %d no l;g] 2 requir$4ee~para.es~para.#e1c1f4 ,? rule po9ts \ t "s cases ( email & web a4resses c 2 brld 0simply us+ grade "o lit]>y brl4 ,h["e1 x %d 2 not$ t ,,bauk recomm5ds t ! me?od employ+ -put] code 9dicators &! -put] code signs 2 ! default me?od us$ 9 mo/ transcrip;n circum/.es 7al? ? is n explicitly /at$ 9 ,briti% ,brl74ee~para.es~para.#e1e4 ,! examples 9 ? sec;n on italics reflect ! *ange 6! rule ab t]m9at+ italiciz$ passages m5;n$ abv "u #b1d4 ,! place;t (! t]m9ator is cov]$ 9 #e1e1a & #e1e1b4ee~para.es~para.#e1e1g4 ,an italiciz$ h1d+ divid$ ov] m ?an "o l9e is tr1t$ z a s+le item z reg>ds italic 9dicators3 an italic 9dicator is n rep1t$ 2f ea* l9e4 ,? is a cl>ific,n simil> 6#d1g1e & #e1b1e4ee~para.es~para.#e1e1i4 ,= italiciz$ ^ws 9 : ! lrs >e sep>at$ 0hyph5s1 e4g4 69dicate t ! ^w is 2+ spelt \1 ea* "p %d 2 c.t$ z a sep>ate ^w z reg>ds italics4 ,? is a logical applic,n (! normal rules = italics1 b "o : _h caus$ "s 3fu.n am;g/ transcrib]s4ee~para.es~para.#e1e1ad4 ,a =eign ^w : 3ta9s an apo/rophe is tr1t$ z a s+le ^w z reg>ds italics4 ,= example1 8,*'un04 ,s* cases 7 n cov]$ previ\sly4ee~para.es~para.#e1e1ag-#ah4 ,^! rules d1l ) us+ ! "p ^w italic sign1 m5;n$ abv "u #b1d4ee~para.es~para.#e1e1bb4 ,": pr9t uses "ul9+ or bold1 brl c norm,y italicize4 ,b if ! 4t9c;n 2t ^! di6]5t types ( emphasis ne$s 6be reta9$1 ? rule su7e/s t angle brackets may 2 us$ z a second>y 9dicator1 & an explanatory note 6! r1d] 2 provid$4 ,? a4resses ! well-"kn pro#m 9 brl transcrip;n ( h[ 6d1l ) significant di6];es 9 font types1 %ort ( def9+ specific 9dicators = "ul9e & bold4ee~para.es~para.#e1e1bd4 ,pr9t symbols %d n1 9 g5]al1 2 prec$$ 0! italic sign1 b if o3urr+ )9 an italiciz$ phrase %d 2 c.t$ z a ^w4 ,if s* a symbol1 e4g4 a plus or m9us1 is jo9$ 6an italiciz$ ^w1 ! italic sign is plac$ 2f ! ^w1 n ! symbol4 ,? 0 n cov]$ 9 ! previ\s $i;n2 ! tr1t;t is analog\s 6t (! ellipsis ) italics4ee~para.es~para.#e1f1b4 ,? is an explicit rule /at+ :5 ! lr sign %d 2 us$ 2f s+le lrs4 7,"! is no *ange 9 practice1 b no s* rule 0 pres5t 9 ! previ\s $i;n47 ,examples 8;a_/;c0 & 8;,i_/;,o0 %[ t ! rule 9 ! previ\s $i;n ":by ! oblique /roke is dropp$ 9 s* cases no l;g] holds3 ^! %d n[ 2 transcrib$ 9 full4ee~para.es~para.#e1f1c4 ,a s+le lr at ! 5d (a s5t;e %d 2 prec$$ 0a lr sign1 :e!r or n ! foll[+ /op cd 2 reg>d$ z an a2revi,n po9t4 ,! ambigu;y )! lr 2+ r1d z a ^wsign is "!by remov$4ee~para.es~para.#e1f1d4 ,lrs at ! 2g9n+ ( p>agraphs1 e4g4 ;a41 ;b41 etc41 %d 2 prec$$ 0a lr sign :e!r or n foll[$ 0a full /op4 ,? has be5 normal transcrip;n practice1 b 0 n /at$ 9 ,briti% ,brl 2f4ee~para.es~para.#e1f1f4 ,? rule /ates t ! lr sign is ne$$ 2f a /r+ ( lrs )\t /ops un.s />t+ )a capital 9dicator4 ,ag1 ? is exi/+ practice1 b n explicitly /at$ 9 ? g5]al =m 9 ! previ\s $i;n4 ,note t = capitaliz$ brl1 ! rule applies 6! case ": an a2revi,n o3urs )9 a capitaliz$ passage1 e4g4 ,,bbc 9 ! mi4le (a capitaliz$ passage wd ne$ a lr sign2 h["e1 s* an a2revi,n wd n require a lr sign if x o3urr$ at ! 2g9n+ (! passage z x wd !n 2 prec$$ 0a capital 9dicator4ee~para.es~para.#e1f1aj4 ,? rule /ates t ! lr sign %d 2 us$ 2f s+le a35t$ lrs 7e4g4 :5 ref]r$ 6in a gramm> book71 & may 2 ne$$ if ! lr is a ^w1 6avoid an ambigu;y4ee~para.es~para.#e1g1c4 ,! l9e sign may n[ 2 brld unspac$ f an apo/rophe or hyph51 z ) o!r punctu,n m>ks4 ,previ\sly ! rule 0 t x %d 2 spac$ f ^? two signs1 s ! rule has be5 simplifi$4ee~para.es~para.#e1h1b4 ,? rule expla9s ! use (! non-,roman passage t]m9ator1 m5;n$ abv "u #b1d4ee~para.ee~sectiones~sectiones~head.,sec;n #f4 ,numb]s & ,relat$ ,signsee~head.es~para.#f4 ,! sec;n previ\sly titl$ 8,ma!matics0 is n[ call$ 8,numb]s & ,relat$ ,signs01 s z 6avoid mis"u/&+s ab xs 3t5ts4ee~para.es~para.#f1a1c4 ,! =ce (! num]al sign no l;g] c>ries ov] ! hyph54 ,? *ange m1ns t ! num]al sign n[ 2haves 9 ! same way z ! lr sign 9 ? respect1 & "s awkw>d issues z 6exactly :5 ! num]al sign 0 ne$$ af a hyph5 7e4g4 ) -p.d numb]s7 h be5 remov$3 ! simple rule is n[ t ! num]al sign is alw ne$$4 ,? simplific,n 6! rule al removes "s ambiguities1 al? ! co/ is1 ( c\rse1 t ! extra cell is us$4ee~para.es~para.#f1a1f4 ,an a4i;nal example is giv5 ( an 9t]n,nal teleph"o numb]1 9clud+ ! plus sign4ee~para.es~para.#f1a1h4 ,z a g5]al pr9ciple1 a dot 9 a /r+ ( digits %d 2 repres5t$ z dot #b4 ,? applies 6decimal numb]s1 "ts (! "d1 sec;n numb]s1 s(tw>e program numb]s1 etc4 ,previ\sly ? appli$ only 6decimals1 &! o!r cases 7 tr1t$ di6]5tly1 i4e4 0! repeti;n (! num]al sign4 ,! new rule avoids ! ne$ 6make ? 4t9c;n : is "s"ts uncle>4 ,note t a2reviat$ dates >e / brld 0rep1t+ ! num]al sign1 :e!r pr9t uses dots or oblique /rokes z sep>ators4ee~para.es~para.#f1e1d4 ,? rule says t x is p]missi# 6use >i?metical signs unspac$ f foll[+ ^ws1 : 0 n /at$ 9 ! previ\s $i;n4 ,h["e1 9 s* cases l[] 3trac;ns %d n 2 us$ at ! 2g9n+ ( ^? adjo9+ ^ws4ee~para.es~para.#f1e1e4 ,>i?metical signs c al 2 us$ close up 6punctu,n signs1 e4g4 quotes or brackets4ee~para.es~para.#f1e1f4 ,! rule 3c]n+ ! use (! ma!matical sep>,n sign af a frac;n has be5 /at$ m specific,y1 n[ say+ t x is ne$$ 2f foll[+ punctu,n 3si/+ (a l[] ;a-;j2 previ\sly ! la/ clause 0 n 9clud$1 s ! rule miy rules = capitals1 &! subscript sign %d 2 reta9$ z is normal 9 lit]>y brl4 ,? does n a6ect h[ s* =mulae miiety ( me?ods 7 us$4ee~para.es~para.#f1f1b4 ,in ! =eign ord9al t]m9,n 8]01 z 9 8#a4]01 ! lrs ;er may n[ 2 3tract$4ee~para.ee~sectiones~sectiones~head.,sec;n #g4 ,a2revi,ns & ,symbolsee~head.es~para.#g1a4 ,! rules on pr9t a2revi,ns h be5 pres5t$ z a logical ext5.n (! g5]al rules =! lr sign 7sec;n #e1f71 & ^? =! capital 9dicators 7sec;n #e1b74 ,! transcrip;n ( a2revi,ns 9 non-capitaliz$ brl has be5 tr1t$ z a special case1 z else": 9 ! codebook1 b ? is especi,y prom95t 9 ? sec;n4 ,a 3sequ;e ( ? re"w+ is t a wid] range ( cases z met ) 9 mod]n text is cov]$ 9 a logical way4ee~para.es~para.#g1a1c4 ,cases s* z 8email01 norm,y r1d z a ^w1 d n require a lr sign4ee~para.es~para.#g1a1d4 ,z a g5]al pr9ciple1 a2revi,ns 2g9n+ )a l[] case lr foll[$ 0a capital lr : is 9dicat$ z s*1 %d 2 prec$$ 0a lr sign4 ,? applies1 9 "picul>1 6unit a2revi,ns s* z 8;m,a04 ,previ\sly a lr sign wd n h be5 us$ 9 ! case ( units1 : 0 an anomaly t wd 2 h>d 6su/a9 9 capitaliz$ brl4ee~para.es~para.99 #g1a1h4 ,in non-capitaliz$ brl1 a capitaliz$ a2revi,n 9clud+ ^w frag;ts 7s* z ,,camra71 ne$ n 2 prec$$ 0a lr sign if :olly pron\nc$ z a ^w4 ,previ\sly s* cases 7 n cov]$ 9 ,briti% ,brl4ee~para.es~para.99 #g1a1i4 ,= non-capitaliz$ brl ? rule provides =! possibil;y ( sep>at+ 9itials & "p ^ws 9 an a2revi,n 0a hyph5 9/1d (a space1 e4g4 9 cases s* z ;d,base4 ,? me?od has be5 9 use 9 practice1 b 0 n docu;t$4ee~para.es~para.99 #g1a1aj4 ,in non-capitaliz$ brl1 a2revi,ns = ,am]ican /ates1 s* z ,,ca or ,,ny1 %d 2 prec$$ 0a s+le lr sign :e!r !y 9dicate "o or m ^ws4ee~para.es~para.#g1a1ab4 ,": a pr9t a2revi,n does n save space z ag/ grade #b1 e4g4 pt4 = 8"p01 ! rule n[ says t x is p]missi# =! a2revi,n 6be 4p5s$ ) 7a"p f unit a2revi,ns74 ,previ\sly ! rule sd t ! a2revi,n %d g5],y 2 4p5s$ )1 s ! *ange is n[ 6fall on ! side ( l1v+ ! a2revi,n z 9 ! orig9al4ee~para.es~para.#g1b1h4 ,? rule gives an example (a /r+ ( unspac$ a/]isks & punctu,n m>ks repres5t+ a swe> ^w4ee~para.es~para.#g1b1aj4 ,! new bullet sign1 dots #def#bef1 may 2 us$1 foll[+ pr9t1 6m>k li/$ items1 etc4 ,h["e1 rule #i1a1g says t normal practice is 6omit ! bullet sign & use cell #e-#a lay\t = s* items1 z is ! tradi;nal brl practice4 ,! availabil;y (! bullet sign w n"e!.s all[ brl 6foll[ ! pr9t m closely & reta9 ! bullet ": ? is important1 or ": x is a p]sonal pref];e4ee~para.es~para.#g1c1b4 ,plural ref];e a2revi,ns1 z 9 8#gh ;ff0 & 8#be ;pp01 n[ require a lr sign 2f ! a2revi,n2 previ\sly ^! 7 tr1t$ z special cases & no lr sign 0 us$4ee~para.es~para.#g1c1e4 ,": pr9t uses multiple sec;n & p>agraph symbols1 z 9 8q~s'#e-#f01 only a s+le s* sign %d 2 us$ 9 brl4 ,? rule removes ! clumsi;s ( multiple p>agraph symbols : >e ea* brld z 8p>04ee~para.es~para.#g1e1e4 ,a4$ 6! li/ ( units : %d 2 unspac$ f a prec$+ a numb] 9 brl1 >e m"ot>y symbols4 ,in "picul>1 ? applies 6! euro & c5t4ee~para.es~para.#g1e1f4 ,? rule 3ta9s a4i;nal examples ( unit a2revi,ns plac$ 2t numb]s1 = example1 #c;m#ej m1n+ #c m9utes #ej seconds4 ,an example is al giv5 = cases s* z #c#cb1fh 7m1n+ #c m9utes1 #cb1fh seconds71 z us$ 9 sports tim+s4ee~para.es~para.#g1e1i4 ,:5 ! p.d or doll> signs >e us$ )\t a numb]1 !y %d 2 brld z dot #d#abc & dot #d#bef1 respectively1 i4e4 z ! normal sign prec$$ 0dot #d1 b )\t a numb] sign4 ,? is a natural ext5.n (! new rule #g1e1aj 72l74ee~para.es~para.#g1e1aj4 ,:5 ! p.d or doll> signs >e us$ 9 3junc;n ) lrs1 z 9 ,a@4#ej 7m1n+ #ej ,au/ralian doll>s71 dot #d %d 2 9s]t$ 2f ! sign 6avoid ambiguities 7e4g4 ! doll> sign wd o!rwise 2 r1d z an a2revi,n po9t74 ,? is a new 9troduc;n4 ,note t ? use ( dot #d fits 9 )! family ( o!r m"ot>y symbols 7e4g4 euro1 y51 etc471 : all h a dot #d prefix4 ,note al t ! signs = p.d & doll> h n *ang$ :5 us$ 9 normal 3texts1 e4g4 l#f4ee~para.es~para.#g1e1ab4 ,:5 ! degree sign is abs5t1 temp]ature units %d 2 spac$ f ! numb]1 z 9 8#ba ;,c0 7#ba degrees ,celsius74 ,? is n a *ange f curr5t practice1 b 0 n docu;t$ 2f4ee~para.es~para.#g1e1ad4 ,z 9 #f1e1f1 ? rule 3c]n+ ! 9s];n (a dot #f sep>ator af 9dices1 ! degree sign1 or prime signs1 2f foll[+ punctu,n1 has be5 cl>ifi$ 6say t x only applies if ! punctu,n 3si/s (a l[] ;a-;j4ee~para.ee~sectiones~sectiones~head.,sec;n #h4 ,use ( ,3trac;nsee~head.es~para.#h1b1e4 ,^wsigns %d n 2 us$ = =eign ^ws 9 ,/&>d ,5gli% ,brl1 e4g4 9 ! ,g]man ^ws 8was0 & 8so01 or 9 ! ,>abic ^w 8,as04 ,? 0 n docu;t$ 2f4ee~para.es~para.#h1b1g4 ,! example 8!) pr(its s*eme0 has be5 a4$1 ": 8!0 & 8)0 may 2 sequ5c$4 ,:5 8a0 is a =eign ^w x %d n 2 sequ5c$1 z 9 8! a priori04ee~para.es~para.#h1d1i4 ,? rule /ates t 8to01 89to0 & 8by0 may 2 3tract$ & sequ5c$ 6a foll[+ capitaliz$ ^w4 ,? is a *ange 6! rule previ\sly publi%$ 9 8,capitals 9 ,briti% ,brl0 : /at$ t sequ5c+ 0 n p]missi# 9 s* cases2 h["e1 ? n[ seems 6be an unnec precau;n4ee~para.es~para.#h1d1aa4 8to01 89to0 & 8by0 may n 2 3tract$ 2f -put] code 9dicators1 nor 2f electronic a4resses brld 9 grade "o4ee~para.es~para.#h1d1ab4 ,? rule has be5 ext5d$ 6say t 8to01 89to0 & 8by0 may 2 3tract$ af ma!matical signs2 previ\sly x only sd t !y cd n 2 us$ 2f ma!matical signs4ee~para.es~para.#h1d1af4 ,! 3trac;n 8be0 may n[ 9 g5]al only 2 us$ at ! 2g9n+ (a ^w if x 3/itutes a sylla#1 & is un/ress$4 ,previ\sly "! 0 no require;t t x 2 un/ress$4 ,= example1 8be0 c no l;g] 2 3tract$ 9 ! ^w 8beta0 7! ,greek lr71 ": x cd h be5 previ\sly4 ,x is 2liev$ t ? a4i;nal require;t w give m natural results1 & "! >e s"eal examples ( ? 9 ! 3trac;n li/ 9 ,app5dix ,,iii4 ,! ^ws 82+0 & 82in'0 >e left z excep;ns 9 : 8be0 %d / 2 3tract$4ee~para.es~para.#h1d1ba4 ,! 3trac;ns 8be01 8con01 8dis0 & 8com0 may only 2 us$ at ! 2g9n+ (a brl l9e 9 a divid$ ^w :5 ! frag;t on ! new l9e is a dic;n>y ^w ( cognate m1n+1 &! 3trac;ns wd h be5 p]missi# 9 t ^w4 ,previ\sly ! clause t ! frag;t 2 a dic;n>y ^w ( cognate m1n+ 0 n pres5t2 ! 9t5;n is t ! extra clause w exclude "s unnatural cases4 ,= example1 8con0 c no l;g] 2 3tract$ 9 ! divid$ ^w 8re- concile04ee~para.es~para.#h1d1bd4 ,! rule ab ! use (! 3trac;ns = 8in0 & 85\<0 9 3junc;n ) punctu,n has be5 g5]aliz$ 6say t ! /r+ m/ 3ta9 an upp] sign2 previ\sly x sd t ! /r+ m/ 3ta9 a lr (! alphabet or an upp] 3trac;n4 ,an example 9volv+ angle brackets is 9clud$ 6%[ ! m 9clusive e6ect (! am5d;t 6? rule4ee~para.es~para.#h1e1b4 ,a rule is n[ giv5 t ! 3trac;n 8_h0 %d only 2 us$ :5 ! ;a is %ort1 ?us exclud+ ! case 8,hadrian04 ,in practice ? is g5],y n a *ange1 b previ\sly s* cases 7 tr1t$ z excep;ns 9 ! ^w li/ 9 ,app5dix ,,iii1 &! pr9ciple 0 n explicitly /at$ 9 a rule4ee~para.es~para.#h1e1e4 ,in ! rule 3c]n+ ! 3trac;n 8"h01 ! 3di;n t ! ;h %d 2 aspirat$ has be5 remov$4 ,?us ! 3trac;n 8"h0 is n[ p]missi# 9 8sp"h04ee~para.es~para.#h1e1g4 ,! rule 3c]n+ ! 3trac;n 8"o0 n[ explicitly says t x may 2 us$ 9 ! 5d+ ;oney4 ,previ\sly cases s* z 8m"oy0 & 8h"oy0 7 reg>d$ z excep;ns1 b >e n[ 9clud$ 9 ! rule4ee~para.es~para.#h1f1e4 ,! 3trac;n ;ness may n[ 2 us$ 9 fem99e 5d+s1 un.s prec$$ by ;e or ;i1 9 : case ! ;en or ;in 3trac;ns %d 2 us$ 9/1d4 ,= example1 ;ness c n[ 2 3tract$ 9 8lio;s04 ,? is reg>d$ z a simplific,n (! 3trac;n rules1 0remov+ ^! special cases4ee~para.es~para.#h1g1e4 ,? rule 3c]n+ ! ne$ =a lr sign 6avoid c]ta9 lr gr\ps 2+ r1d z %ort=ms 7e4g4 8;al071 n[ notes t ! lr sign is n ne$$ 9 grade "o brl1 s9ce no 3fu.n c >ise4ee~para.es~para.#h1i1a4 ,! rule on bridg+ 3trac;ns acr a prefix &! re/ (! ^w has be5 lib]aliz$ 6"s degree4 ,previ\sly "! 0 a clause t exclud$ cases 9 : ! re/ (! ^w 0 ano!r ^w (! same "p ( spee* &)a simil> m1n+4 ,? clause has be5 remov$ z x 0 ?"\ 6be r too -plicat$ a 3cept 6apply 9 practice1 mak+ too f9e a 4t9c;n4 ,h["e1 cau;n is / advis$ 6avoid us+ bridg+ 3trac;ns : wd make ! ^w h>d 6assimilate 0! r1d]4 ,examples (! e6ect ( ? *ange >e3 8d5,nalize0 7;en 3trac;n n[ possi#71 simil> to 8d5ote0 9 : ;en alw 0 possi#2 8mi/]m0 7;st 3trac;n n[ possi#71 simil> to 8mi/ake0 9 : ;st alw 0 possi#2 8pr$om9ate0 7;ed 3trac;n n[ possi#71 simil> to 8pr$ic;n0 9 : ;ed alw 0 possi#4ee~para.es~para.#h1i1c4 ,! rule on bridg+ 3trac;ns acr a su6ix &! re/ (! ^w n[ has ! clause a4$ t bridg+ 3trac;ns %d 2 avoid$ :5 aspirat$ ;h is prec$$ 0;c1 ;g1 ;s1 ;t or ;w4 ,? idea is n new1 b 0 n /at$4 ,an example is 8knie n[ p]missi# :5 ! ;e =ms "p (a diph?;g4 ,e4g4 ^! 3trac;ns >e n[ p]missi# 9 8dia]esis01 8pho5ix01 8,go]+0 & 8,ba$ek]04 ,z 9 #h1i1a1 ? is reg>d$ z a simplific,n (! rules4ee~para.es~para.#h1aa1c4 ,= ,wel% ^ws brld 9 ,/&>d ,5gli% ,brl1 9 ! sequ;e ;edd1 ! ;ed 3trac;n %d n 2 us$1 b ;dd may 2 72c ;dd is a 4t9ct lr 9 ,wel%74 ,simil>ly1 9 ;off1 ;ff %d 2 us$1 b n ;of4ee~para.es~para.#h1aa1d4 ,in ! sequ;e ;aar 9 ,sc&9avian ^ws 7": ;aa repres5ts ! lr ;a )a sup]script circle71 ! ;ar 3trac;n may / 2 us$4ee~para.es~para.#h1ac1d4 ,in /amm]$ or slurr$ ^ws1 simple gr\psigns may n[ 2 us$ acr ! b.d>y ( slurr$ or /amm]$ lrs1 b n -posite gr\psigns or %ort=ms4 ,= example1 ;ou b n ;ount c n[ 2 3tract$ 9 8coooo\ntry01 b ;ong _c 2 3tract$ 9 8loooong04ee~para.es~para.#h1ac1f4 ,:5 /amm]$ ^ws1 9clud+ hyph5s1 >e italiciz$1 ea* ele;t sep>at$ 0a hyph5 is tr1t$ z a sep>ate ^w z reg>ds italics4 ,e4g4 9 8.s-.si/]01 bo? ! ;s & 8si/]0 %d 2 prec$$ 0! italic sign4 ,? is 3si/5t ) #e1e1i d1l+ ) spelt \ ^ws4ee~para.ee~sectiones~sectiones~head.,sec;n #i4 ,lay\t & ,book"wee~head.es~para.#i1a1f4 ,? rule1 d1l+ ) h1d+s1 n[ m5;ns ! use ( 5d m>k]s1 #ab colons or #ab -mas1 at ! 5d ( sec;ns4 ,? is a /&>d transcrip;n device b n previ\sly cov]$ 9 ,briti% ,brl4ee~para.es~para.#i1f1a4 ,? rule1 d1l+ ) play lay\t1 9cludes ! case ( transcrip;ns ": capitals >e 9dicat$4 ,in ? case sp1k]s' "ns >e su6ici5tly 4t+ui%$ if 9 capitals1 & "! is no ne$ 6italicize !m z is usual = non-capitaliz$ brl4ee~para.es~para.#i1h1c4 ,": an 9d5t$ passage o3urs )9 a quot$ or italiciz$ passage1 ! quotes or italics only ne$ 6be reass]t$ at ! 2g9n+ (! 9d5t$ passage if x 2g9s )a new p>agraph4 ,simil>ly1 ! quotes or italics only ne$ 6be reass]t$ :5 ! normal text resumes1 if x 2g9s )a new p>agraph4 ,? cl>ifies an issue n cov]$ previ\sly4ee~para.es~para.#i1i1c4 ,? rule on ^w divi.n & 3trac;ns is n[ m specific4 ,divi.n %d n 2 made 9 ! mi4le (a lr gr\p 3/itut+ a phoneme or s+le s.d 7s* z ;ch or ;th7 : wd o!rwise 2 3tract$4 ,h["e1 a divi.n c 2 made ": ! lrs (! 3trac;n 2l;g 64t9ct s.ds1 s* z 8his- tory04ee~para.ee~sectiones~sectiones~head.,app5dicesee~head.es~para.,app5dix ;,i 7;,b74 ,"s (! "ns (! ,hebrew 3sonants h be5 am5d$ 9 l9e ) m rec5t s\rces1 b ! ta# rema9s ! same z reg>ds ! correspond;e 2t brl signs & ,hebrew "*s4ee~para.es~para.,app5dix ;,i 7;,e74 ,! li/ ( ,wel% lrs has be5 am5d$ 9 a3ord.e ) curr5t practice4 ,! acute a35t has *ang$ 6dots #be1 &a grave a35t1 dots #bc1 has be5 a4$4 ,x %d 2 not$ t a new 3tract$ ,wel% code has appe>$ s9ce ! la/ $i;n ( ,briti% ,brl1 &! abv *anges >e 3si/5t ) ? new code4 7,ref];e %d 2 made to 8,wel% ,brl ,code--,brl ,cymraeg047ee~para.es~para.,app5dix ,,iii4 ,guide 6,3tract+4 ,? li/ has be5 am5d$ 9 a3ord.e )! *anges 6! rules1 e4g4 z m5;n$ "u #h1d1af 7;be71 #h1e1b 7;had71 #h1e1e 7;here71 #h1f1e 7;ness71 #h1i1a 7bridg+ 3trac;ns71 #h1i1f 7diph?;gs71 #h1aa1c 7;edd & ;off 9 ,wel%74 ,in a4i;n1 a few a4i;nal examples h be5 a4$1 e4g4 ,belvoir1 bul#t1 ,*'+1 filofax1 fro-+1 ,l5euve1 pagandom1 psion1 ,!ak/"o4ee~para.es~para.,9dex4 ,? is f> m detail$ -p>$ 6! 9dex 9 ! previ\s $i;n4 ,z a 3sequ;e ! r1d] %d n[ f9d x easi] 6g directly 6a specific subject 9 ! codebook1 r ?an hav+ 6*eck a numb] ( possi# places ": x mi4ee~para.ee~sectiones~endes~date.,augu/ #bjjdee~date.ee~endee~simpdoca( !"#$%  & ' acronymBLSideHead.boxbraillecolheads.colonscomputercontentsdate.emailentry1entry2entry3entry4figurefilenamehead.heads1.heads1nb.heads2.heads3.list.llistname.p2.p3.pagenopara.point.pointsrow.secnamesimpdocasubsubtitlesuptabletp.title.vdespwebPšrm10kpshdskpe1:1hdermfr:;lrm10kpshdskpe1:1hdermkpssk1ptys4ptyekpe1:1kpsld=d=kpe1:1iihi5:1:0:0:0hild=d=pd=d=p>d=d=kpssk1ptys4ptyekpe1:1ptyssk1sk1ptyelfr:;lcztxld=deld=d=kbs1hds0d=111111111111kbehdesvrhs5:5svles1:1:0svprg3:0:1sk2lkbs1hds0d=333333333333hdekberm10kpshdskpe1:1hdermkpsld=d=kpe1:1hi7:1:0:0:0hi5:1:0:0:0kpsptys4ptyekpe1:1lhdsd=63333333333333333334hdekbs1hds0d=h333333333333333333jkbehdeg1g2g1g2g1g2lg1g2lkbs1hds0d=333333333333hdekbetspspetetsbsbeteld=d=ld=d=kbs1hds0d=333333333333kbehdeptyerm0lld=d=l>d=d=l>>d=d=tab35:1:p=-rm6