#A ,BRL ,AU?OR;Y (! ,UNIT$ ,K+DOM ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD ,LI/ ( ,*ANGES ,! FOLL[+ IS A DETAIL$ LI/ (! *ANGES & A4I;NS 6! BRL RULES 3TA9$ 9 ! NEW $I;N ( ,BRITI% ,BRL ISSU$ 0! ,BRL ,AU?OR;Y (! ,UNIT$ ,K+DOM 7,,BAUK74 ,? $I;N REPLACES ! PREVI\S $I;N PUBLI%$ 9 #AIIB4 ,! REVI.N 9CORPORATES ID1S & SU7ES;NS ( BRL US]S & PRODUC]S COLLECT$ S9CE ! LA/ UPDATE 9 #AIIB1 Z WELL Z MAK+ CORREC;NS4 ,! DOCU;T 8,CAPITALS 9 ,BRITI% ,BRL0 PUBLI%$ 0,,BAUK 9 #AIIH IS AL SUP]S$$ 0? $I;N ( ,BRITI% ,BRL4 ,X IS ANTICIPAT$ T BRL PRODUC]S W 2 A# 69CORPORATE ^! *ANGES 96_! TRANSCRIP;NS 0! 5D ( ,AUGU/ #BJJE1 & ? MAY 2 REG>D$ Z ! (FICIAL IMPLE;T,N DATE4 ,H["E1 BRL PRODUC]S & US]S :O WI% 6PROCE$ 2F T DATE MAY IMPLE;T ! RULE *ANGES Z SOON Z 3V5I5T4 ,REF];ES 9 ? DOCU;T >E 6SEC;NS & ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #B P>AGRAPHS 9 ! NEW $I;N4 ,G5]AL ,/RUCTURE ,? $I;N ( ,BRITI% ,BRL COV]S RULES RELAT+ BO? 6TRANSCRIP;NS ": CAPITALS >E 9DICAT$1 & ^? 9 : !Y >E N4 ,= ECONOMY ( EXPOSI;N ? IS A*IEV$ 09S]T+ RULES RELAT+ 6NON-CAPITALIZ$ BRL ONLY1 AT ! RELEVANT PO9TS1 & M>K+ ^! RULES ) AN A/]ISK4 ,CAPITALS >E NORM,Y 9DICAT$ 9 ! EXAMPLES 9 ! PR9T $I;N1 B = NON- CAPITALIZ$ BRL ! DI6];E IS G5],Y J A MATT] ( DROPP+ ! CAPITAL 9DICATORS1 OR ( APPLY+ "O ( ^! M>K$ RULES 6OBTA9 ! NON-CAPITALIZ$ V].N4 ,BO? A CAPITALIZ$ &A NON-CAPITALIZ$ V].N ( ,BRITI% ,BRL IS 2+ PRODUC$ 9 BRL4 ,BO? ^! V].NS 3TA9 ! FULL SET ( RULES4 ,IN ! =M] V].N ! EXAMPLES >E Z 9 ! PR9T $I;N2 9 ! LATT] BO? ! TEXT & EXAMPLES >E %[N )\T CAPITALS UN.S A PO9T SPECIFIC,Y RELAT+ 6CAPITALS IS 2+ ILLU/RAT$4 ,SEC;N #B4 ,"*S & ,SIGNS #B1C4 ,! OBLIQUE /ROKE IS N[ A #B- ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #C CELL SIGN1 DOTS #DEF#CD1 R ?AN ! S+LE- CELL SIGN1 DOTS #CD4 ,? REMOVES ! AMBIGU;Y )! 3TRAC;N = ;ST4 ,EXAMPLES >E GIV5 9 SEC;N #D1F4 #B1D4 ,9TRODUC;N (A "P ^W ITALIC SIGN 7DOTS #DF#B74 ,? SIGN IS US$ ": X IS NEC 6%[ T C]TA9 LRS ONLY 9 A ^W >E ITALICIZ$1 E4G4 ^W 5D+S 9 GRAMM> BOOKS4 ,XS USE IS EXPLA9$ 9 #E1E1AG- #AH4 ,0US+ ? SIGN X IS NO L;G] NEC 69S]T HYPH5S 9 BRL 9 S* CASES1 &! PR9T C 2 REPRES5T$ M A3URATELY4 ,9TRODUC;N ( AN ITALIC T]M9ATOR SIGN 7DOTS #DF#C74 ,? SIGN IS US$ 6T]M9ATE AN ITALIC PASSAGE1 & IS PLAC$ AT ! 5D (! PASSAGE1 R ?AN 2F ! LA/ ^W 9 ! PASSAGE4 ,! ME?OD IS EXPLA9$ 9 #E1E1A & ILLU/RAT$ 9 S"EAL EXAMPLES )9 SEC;N #E1E ON ITALICS4 ,NOTE T ! ORD9>Y ITALIC SIGN & ITALIC PASSAGE SIGN 7D\# ITALICS7 H N *ANG$4 ,N"E!.S ? IS AN IMPORTANT *ANGE 6! WAY ITALICS >E %[N 9 BRL = PASSAGES4 ,! ME?OD IS 3SI/5T ) T US$ = CAPITALIZ$ PASSAGES1 & ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #D CORRESPONDS M CLOSELY ) :AT ACTU,Y O3URS 9 TEXT & :AT Y WD D :5 US+ A ^W PROCESSOR1 ": Y TURN ITALICS (F AF ! LA/ ^W 9 A PASSAGE1 R ?AN 2F X4 ,9TRODUC;N (A NON-,ROMAN PASSAGE T]M9ATOR 7DOTS #EF#C74 ,? IS US$ 9 A SIMIL> WAY 6! ITALIC PASSAGE T]M9ATOR & CAPITAL PASSAGE T]M9ATOR1 & IS EXPLA9$ 9 #E1H1B4 ,9CLU.N (! CAPITAL T]M9ATOR 7DOT #F#C74 ,? IS ! SIGN 9TRODUC$ 9 ! L1FLET ON CAPITALS M5;N$ ABV4 ,XS USE IS EXPLA9$ 9 SEC;N #E1B ON CAPITALS4 ,NOTE T ! ABV ?REE T]M9ATORS =M A GR\P ( SIGNS ) SIMIL> 3/RUC;N & USE4 ,9CLU.N (! -PUT] CODE 9DICATOR SIGN 7DOT #F#CDF74 ,IN LIT]>Y BRL ? IS MA9LY US$ :5 TRANSCRIB+ EMAIL & WEB A4RESSES4 ,XS USE IS EXPLA9$ 9 SEC;N #E1C 7SEE 2L74 #B1F4 ,9TRODUC;N ( NEW SIGNS =! FOLL[+ PR9T SYMBOLS3 C5T :5 %[N 9 PR9T Z A SYMBOL R ?AN Z AN ORD9>Y LR ;C 7DOT #D#AD71 EURO 7DOT #D#AE71 Y5 7DOT ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #E #D#ACDEF71 -M]CIAL AT 7DOT #D#BCDF71 COPY"R 7DOTS #DE#AD71 REGI/]$ TRADE M>K 7DOTS #DE#ABCE71 TRADE M>K 7DOTS #DE#BCDE71 BULLET 7DOTS #DEF#BEF74 #B1G4 ,? IS A TA# GIV+ "S SIGNS F ! ,,UK BRL -PUT] CODE4 ,^! SIGNS >E /&>D1 B 9CLUD$ =! F/ "T 9 ,BRITI% ,BRL1 MA9LY =! TRANSCRIP;N ( EMAIL & WEB A4RESSES1 Z EXPLA9$ 9 SEC;N #E1C4 ,SEC;N #D4 ,USE ( ,PUNCTU,N ,SIGNS #D1A1B4 ,X IS NO L;G] NEC 69S]T AN APO/ROPHE 9 BRL 9 CASES S* Z #AICJS 7": ! APO/ROPHE IS ABS5T 9 PR9T74 ,SIMIL>LY1 AN APO/ROPHE IS N NE$$ 9 CASES S* Z ,PS & ,QS :5 CAPITALS >E %[N4 ,? *ANGE 0 MADE 65A# BRL 6FOLL[ MOD]N PR9T PRACTICE M CLOSELY4 #D1A1E4 & #D1E1D4 ,:5 PR9T USES HYPH5S 7R ?AN DOTS OR A/]ISKS7 = OMITT$ LRS 9 ^WS1 BRL %D FOLL[ SUIT4 ,? A4I;N ALL[S BRL 6NATUR,Y FOLL[ PR9T 9 S* CASES4 #D1C1A4 & #F1A1D4 ,X IS NOT$ T PR9T ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #F "S"TS USES A L;G] /YLE ( HYPH5 2T NUMB]S ?AN X DOES 2T ^WS 7E4G4 9 PAGE RANGES 9 AN 9DEX74 ,! RULE SAYS T ^! %D 2 TR1T$ Z NORMAL HYPH5S 9 BRL1 R ?AN Z DA%ES4 ,? IS NORMAL TRANSCRIP;N PRACTICE1 B DOCU;T$ 9 ,BRITI% ,BRL =! F/ "T4 #D1C1E4 ,! RULE AB DIVID+ A BRL L9E AT A DA% HAS BE5 G5]ALIZ$1 & CL>IFIC,NS H BE5 A4$ AB SPECIAL CASES1 S* Z ! -B9,N COLON DA% : %D N 2 DIVID$4 #D1C1F4 ,:5 A DA% 9DICATES SUPPRESS$ LRS (A ^W1 A CASE S* Z 8;S----0 ": ! S+LE LR CD 2 R1D Z A ^WSIGN1 N[ REQUIRES A LR SIGN1 ?US REMOV+ ! AMBIGU;Y4 ,IN CASES S* Z 8TH----01 ! ;TH %D 2 UNCONTRACT$1 AG 6AVOID AMBIGU;Y4 #D1D1C4 ,:5 A S]IES ( DOTS IS US$ 9 PR9T 69DICATE AN 9T]RUPT$ ^W1 ! ELLIPSIS %D 2 US$ 9 BRL4 ,?1 L #D1A1E1 ALL[S BRL 6NATUR,Y FOLL[ PR9T4 #D1F1C4 ,! OBLIQUE /ROKE MAY N[ 2G9 ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #G OR 5D A BRL L9E1 OR MAY 2 SPAC$4 ,? IS POSSI# 2C ! NEW SIGN IS UNAMBIGU\S 9 EA* ( ^! CASES1 S "! IS NO NE$ 6APPLY SPECIAL RE/RIC;NS 9 BRL Z 0 PREVI\SLY ! CASE4 ,H["E1 X IS / RECOMM5D$ T DIVI.N AT ! 5D (A BRL L9E %D 2 MADE AF AN OBLIQUE /ROKE1 R ?AN 2F4 ,:5 DIVID+ A BRL L9E AF AN OBLIQUE /ROKE X IS NO L;G] NEC 69S]T A HYPH5 9 BRL3 )! NEW SIGN "! IS C]TA9LY NO AMBIGU;Y "H4 #D1F1D4 ,! NEW OBLIQUE /ROKE SIGN MAY 2 FREELY US$ 9 3JUNC;N )! ;ST 3TRAC;N4 #D1F1E4 ,SIMPLE UPP] ^WSIGNS MAY AL N[ G5],Y 2 US$ 9 3JUNC;N )! OBLIQUE /ROKE 2C ! AMBIGU;Y HAS BE5 REMOV$4 ,H["E1 (! L[] ^WSIGNS1 ONLY 8TO01 89TO0 & 8BY0 FOLL[+ ! OBLIQUE /ROKE MAY 2 US$ 9 3TACT ) T SIGN4 #D1G1E4 ,A QUOT$ H1D+ DIVID$ OV] M ?AN "O L9E IS TR1T$ Z A S+LE ITEM Z REG>DS QUOT,N M>KS3 ! OP5+ QUOTE IS N REP1T$ 2F EA* L9E4 ,? IS SIMPLY A CL>IFIC,N4 ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #H #D1H4 ,? SEC;N LI/+ ! ORD] 9 : -POSI;N & PUNCTU,N SIGNS %D 2 GIV5 9 BRL HAS BE5 MOV$ F ! />T ( SEC;N #D1 ": X APPE>$ 9 ! PREVI\S $I;N4 ,( "PICUL> NOTE ) CAPITALIZ$ BRL IS ! FACT T ! LR SIGN PREC$ES EA* (! CAPITAL 9DICATORS3 S+LE1 ^W OR PASSAGE4 ,?US IF A LR O3URS Z ! F/ ITEM 9 A CAPITALIZ$ PASSAGE1 XS LR SIGN %D PREC$E ! CAPITAL PASSAGE 9DICATOR4 ,! RULE IS /RAID1 B "S 9/.ES S* Z ? O3URR+ ) CAPITALIZ$ BRL MAY 2 UNFAMILI>4 ,SEC;N #E4 ,USE ( ,-POSI;N ,SIGNS #E1B4 ,? SEC;N ON CAPITALS 3TA9S MO/ (! RULES GIV5 9 ! L1FLET 8,CAPITALS 9 ,BRITI% ,BRL0 PUBLI%$ 9 #AIIH1 & REPLACES ! CORRESPOND+ SEC;N 9 ! PREVI\S $I;N4 ,H["E1 RULES 9 T L1FLET RELAT+ 63TRAC;NS & O!R SPECIFIC >1S S* Z A2REVI,NS H BE5 MOV$ 6! RELEVANT SEC;NS ELSE": 9 ,BRITI% ,BRL1 E4G4 #H1B1AJ D1LS ) SEQU5C+ & CAPITAL ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #I 9DICATORS4 #E1B1A4 ,? /ATES T ! 9DIC,N ( CAPITALS 9 BRL IS OP;NAL 9 ! ,,UK4 #E1B1E4 ,A CAPITALIZ$ H1D+ DIVID$ OV] M ?AN "O L9E IS TR1T$ Z A S+LE ITEM Z REG>DS CAPITAL 9DICATORS3 A CAPITAL PASSAGE 9DICATOR IS N REP1T$ 2F EA* L9E4 ,? IS A CL>IFIC,N SIMIL> 6#D1G1E4 #E1B1AF4 ,! LI/ ( EXEMP;NS 6! 9DIC,N ( CAPITALS 9 BRL HAS BE5 R$UC$ -P>$ 6! #AIIH L1FLET1 S9CE X IS N[ /AT$ G5],Y 9 #E1B1A T ! 9DIC,N ( CAPITALS IS OP;NAL4 #E1C4 ,? IS A NEW SEC;N PROVID+ =! USE ( SIGNS F ! ,,UK BRL -PUT] CODE 9 LIT]>Y BRL 6REPRES5T SPECIAL /R+S ( "*S1 E4G4 EMAIL & WEB A4RESSES1 : MIY CODE RULES4 ,? ME?OD HAS 9 FACT BE5 9 USE = "S "T 0TRANSCRIP;N AG5CIES :5 BRAILL+ ELECTRONIC A4RESSES1 B N[ T X IS 9CLUD$ 9 ,BRITI% ,BRL1 EXPLANATORY NOTES EXPLA9+ ! ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #AJ ME?OD %D NO L;G] 2 REQUIR$4 #E1C1F4 ,? RULE PO9TS \ T "S CASES ( EMAIL & WEB A4RESSES C 2 BRLD 0SIMPLY US+ GRADE "O LIT]>Y BRL4 ,H["E1 X %D 2 NOT$ T ,,BAUK RECOMM5DS T ! ME?OD EMPLOY+ -PUT] CODE 9DICATORS &! -PUT] CODE SIGNS 2 ! DEFAULT ME?OD US$ 9 MO/ TRANSCRIP;N CIRCUM/.ES 7AL? ? IS N EXPLICITLY /AT$ 9 ,BRITI% ,BRL74 #E1E4 ,! EXAMPLES 9 ? SEC;N ON ITALICS REFLECT ! *ANGE 6! RULE AB T]M9AT+ ITALICIZ$ PASSAGES M5;N$ ABV "U #B1D4 ,! PLACE;T (! T]M9ATOR IS COV]$ 9 #E1E1A & #E1E1B4 #E1E1G4 ,AN ITALICIZ$ H1D+ DIVID$ OV] M ?AN "O L9E IS TR1T$ Z A S+LE ITEM Z REG>DS ITALIC 9DICATORS3 AN ITALIC 9DICATOR IS N REP1T$ 2F EA* L9E4 ,? IS A CL>IFIC,N SIMIL> 6#D1G1E & #E1B1E4 #E1E1I4 ,= ITALICIZ$ ^WS 9 : ! LRS >E SEP>AT$ 0HYPH5S1 E4G4 69DICATE T ! ^W IS 2+ SPELT \1 EA* "P %D 2 C.T$ Z A SEP>ATE ^W Z REG>DS ITALICS4 ,? IS A ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #AA LOGICAL APPLIC,N (! NORMAL RULES = ITALICS1 B "O : _H CAUS$ "S 3FU.N AM;G/ TRANSCRIB]S4 #E1E1AD4 ,A =EIGN ^W : 3TA9S AN APO/ROPHE IS TR1T$ Z A S+LE ^W Z REG>DS ITALICS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 8,*'UN04 ,S* CASES 7 N COV]$ PREVI\SLY4 #E1E1AG-#AH4 ,^! RULES D1L ) US+ ! "P ^W ITALIC SIGN1 M5;N$ ABV "U #B1D4 #E1E1BB4 ,": PR9T USES "UL9+ OR BOLD1 BRL C NORM,Y ITALICIZE4 ,B IF ! 4T9C;N 2T ^! DI6]5T TYPES ( EMPHASIS NE$S 6BE RETA9$1 ? RULE SU7E/S T ANGLE BRACKETS MAY 2 US$ Z A SECOND>Y 9DICATOR1 & AN EXPLANATORY NOTE 6! R1D] 2 PROVID$4 ,? A4RESSES ! WELL-"KN PRO#M 9 BRL TRANSCRIP;N ( H[ 6D1L ) SIGNIFICANT DI6];ES 9 FONT TYPES1 %ORT ( DEF9+ SPECIFIC 9DICATORS = "UL9E & BOLD4 #E1E1BD4 ,PR9T SYMBOLS %D N1 9 G5]AL1 2 PREC$$ 0! ITALIC SIGN1 B IF O3URR+ )9 AN ITALICIZ$ PHRASE %D 2 C.T$ Z A ^W4 ,IF S* A SYMBOL1 E4G4 A ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #AB PLUS OR M9US1 IS JO9$ 6AN ITALICIZ$ ^W1 ! ITALIC SIGN IS PLAC$ 2F ! ^W1 N ! SYMBOL4 ,? 0 N COV]$ 9 ! PREVI\S $I;N2 ! TR1T;T IS ANALOG\S 6T (! ELLIPSIS ) ITALICS4 #E1F1B4 ,? IS AN EXPLICIT RULE /AT+ :5 ! LR SIGN %D 2 US$ 2F S+LE LRS4 7,"! IS NO *ANGE 9 PRACTICE1 B NO S* RULE 0 PRES5T 9 ! PREVI\S $I;N47 ,EXAMPLES 8;A_/;C0 & 8;,I_/;,O0 %[ T ! RULE 9 ! PREVI\S $I;N ":BY ! OBLIQUE /ROKE IS DROPP$ 9 S* CASES NO L;G] HOLDS3 ^! %D N[ 2 TRANSCRIB$ 9 FULL4 #E1F1C4 ,A S+LE LR AT ! 5D (A S5T;E %D 2 PREC$$ 0A LR SIGN1 :E!R OR N ! FOLL[+ /OP CD 2 REG>D$ Z AN A2REVI,N PO9T4 ,! AMBIGU;Y )! LR 2+ R1D Z A ^WSIGN IS "!BY REMOV$4 #E1F1D4 ,LRS AT ! 2G9N+ ( P>AGRAPHS1 E4G4 ;A41 ;B41 ETC41 %D 2 PREC$$ 0A LR SIGN :E!R OR N FOLL[$ 0A FULL /OP4 ,? HAS BE5 NORMAL TRANSCRIP;N PRACTICE1 B 0 N /AT$ 9 ,BRITI% ,BRL 2F4 #E1F1F4 ,? RULE /ATES T ! LR SIGN IS ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #AC NE$$ 2F A /R+ ( LRS )\T /OPS UN.S />T+ )A CAPITAL 9DICATOR4 ,AG1 ? IS EXI/+ PRACTICE1 B N EXPLICITLY /AT$ 9 ? G5]AL =M 9 ! PREVI\S $I;N4 ,NOTE T = CAPITALIZ$ BRL1 ! RULE APPLIES 6! CASE ": AN A2REVI,N O3URS )9 A CAPITALIZ$ PASSAGE1 E4G4 ,,BBC 9 ! MI4LE (A CAPITALIZ$ PASSAGE WD NE$ A LR SIGN2 H["E1 S* AN A2REVI,N WD N REQUIRE A LR SIGN IF X O3URR$ AT ! 2G9N+ (! PASSAGE Z X WD !N 2 PREC$$ 0A CAPITAL 9DICATOR4 #E1F1AJ4 ,? RULE /ATES T ! LR SIGN %D 2 US$ 2F S+LE A35T$ LRS 7E4G4 :5 REF]R$ 6IN A GRAMM> BOOK71 & MAY 2 NE$$ IF ! LR IS A ^W1 6AVOID AN AMBIGU;Y4 #E1G1C4 ,! L9E SIGN MAY N[ 2 BRLD UNSPAC$ F AN APO/ROPHE OR HYPH51 Z ) O!R PUNCTU,N M>KS4 ,PREVI\SLY ! RULE 0 T X %D 2 SPAC$ F ^? TWO SIGNS1 S ! RULE HAS BE5 SIMPLIFI$4 #E1H1B4 ,? RULE EXPLA9S ! USE (! NON-,ROMAN PASSAGE T]M9ATOR1 M5;N$ ABV ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #AD "U #B1D4 ,SEC;N #F4 ,NUMB]S & ,RELAT$ ,SIGNS #F4 ,! SEC;N PREVI\SLY TITL$ 8,MA!MATICS0 IS N[ CALL$ 8,NUMB]S & ,RELAT$ ,SIGNS01 S Z 6AVOID MIS"U/&+S AB XS 3T5TS4 #F1A1C4 ,! =CE (! NUM]AL SIGN NO L;G] C>RIES OV] ! HYPH54 ,? *ANGE M1NS T ! NUM]AL SIGN N[ 2HAVES 9 ! SAME WAY Z ! LR SIGN 9 ? RESPECT1 & "S AWKW>D ISSUES Z 6EXACTLY :5 ! NUM]AL SIGN 0 NE$$ AF A HYPH5 7E4G4 ) -P.D NUMB]S7 H BE5 REMOV$3 ! SIMPLE RULE IS N[ T ! NUM]AL SIGN IS ALW NE$$4 ,? SIMPLIFIC,N 6! RULE AL REMOVES "S AMBIGUITIES1 AL? ! CO/ IS1 ( C\RSE1 T ! EXTRA CELL IS US$4 #F1A1F4 ,AN A4I;NAL EXAMPLE IS GIV5 ( AN 9T]N,NAL TELEPH"O NUMB]1 9CLUD+ ! PLUS SIGN4 #F1A1H4 ,Z A G5]AL PR9CIPLE1 A DOT 9 A /R+ ( DIGITS %D 2 REPRES5T$ Z DOT #B4 ,? APPLIES 6DECIMAL NUMB]S1 "TS (! ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #AE "D1 SEC;N NUMB]S1 S(TW>E PROGRAM NUMB]S1 ETC4 ,PREVI\SLY ? APPLI$ ONLY 6DECIMALS1 &! O!R CASES 7 TR1T$ DI6]5TLY1 I4E4 0! REPETI;N (! NUM]AL SIGN4 ,! NEW RULE AVOIDS ! NE$ 6MAKE ? 4T9C;N : IS "S"TS UNCLE>4 ,NOTE T A2REVIAT$ DATES >E / BRLD 0REP1T+ ! NUM]AL SIGN1 :E!R PR9T USES DOTS OR OBLIQUE /ROKES Z SEP>ATORS4 #F1E1D4 ,? RULE SAYS T X IS P]MISSI# 6USE >I?METICAL SIGNS UNSPAC$ F FOLL[+ ^WS1 : 0 N /AT$ 9 ! PREVI\S $I;N4 ,H["E1 9 S* CASES L[] 3TRAC;NS %D N 2 US$ AT ! 2G9N+ ( ^? ADJO9+ ^WS4 #F1E1E4 ,>I?METICAL SIGNS C AL 2 US$ CLOSE UP 6PUNCTU,N SIGNS1 E4G4 QUOTES OR BRACKETS4 #F1E1F4 ,! RULE 3C]N+ ! USE (! MA!MATICAL SEP>,N SIGN AF A FRAC;N HAS BE5 /AT$ M SPECIFIC,Y1 N[ SAY+ T X IS NE$$ 2F FOLL[+ PUNCTU,N 3SI/+ (A L[] ;A-;J2 PREVI\SLY ! LA/ CLAUSE 0 N 9CLUD$1 S ! RULE MIY RULES = CAPITALS1 &! SUBSCRIPT SIGN %D 2 RETA9$ Z IS NORMAL 9 LIT]>Y BRL4 ,? DOES N A6ECT H[ S* =MULAE MIIETY ( ME?ODS 7 US$4 #F1F1B4 ,IN ! =EIGN ORD9AL T]M9,N 8]01 Z 9 8#A4]01 ! LRS ;ER MAY N[ 2 3TRACT$4 ,SEC;N #G4 ,A2REVI,NS & ,SYMBOLS #G1A4 ,! RULES ON PR9T A2REVI,NS H BE5 PRES5T$ Z A LOGICAL EXT5.N (! G5]AL RULES =! LR SIGN 7SEC;N #E1F71 & ^? =! CAPITAL 9DICATORS 7SEC;N #E1B74 ,! TRANSCRIP;N ( A2REVI,NS 9 NON- CAPITALIZ$ BRL HAS BE5 TR1T$ Z A SPECIAL CASE1 Z ELSE": 9 ! CODEBOOK1 B ? IS ESPECI,Y PROM95T 9 ? SEC;N4 ,A ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #AG 3SEQU;E ( ? RE"W+ IS T A WID] RANGE ( CASES Z MET ) 9 MOD]N TEXT IS COV]$ 9 A LOGICAL WAY4 #G1A1C4 ,CASES S* Z 8EMAIL01 NORM,Y R1D Z A ^W1 D N REQUIRE A LR SIGN4 #G1A1D4 ,Z A G5]AL PR9CIPLE1 A2REVI,NS 2G9N+ )A L[] CASE LR FOLL[$ 0A CAPITAL LR : IS 9DICAT$ Z S*1 %D 2 PREC$$ 0A LR SIGN4 ,? APPLIES1 9 "PICUL>1 6UNIT A2REVI,NS S* Z 8;M,A04 ,PREVI\SLY A LR SIGN WD N H BE5 US$ 9 ! CASE ( UNITS1 : 0 AN ANOMALY T WD 2 H>D 6SU/A9 9 CAPITALIZ$ BRL4 99 #G1A1H4 ,IN NON-CAPITALIZ$ BRL1 A CAPITALIZ$ A2REVI,N 9CLUD+ ^W FRAG;TS 7S* Z ,,CAMRA71 NE$ N 2 PREC$$ 0A LR SIGN IF :OLLY PRON\NC$ Z A ^W4 ,PREVI\SLY S* CASES 7 N COV]$ 9 ,BRITI% ,BRL4 99 #G1A1I4 ,= NON-CAPITALIZ$ BRL ? RULE PROVIDES =! POSSIBIL;Y ( SEP>AT+ 9ITIALS & "P ^WS 9 AN A2REVI,N 0A HYPH5 9/1D (A SPACE1 E4G4 9 CASES S* Z ;D,BASE4 ,? ME?OD HAS BE5 9 USE 9 ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #AH PRACTICE1 B 0 N DOCU;T$4 99 #G1A1AJ4 ,IN NON-CAPITALIZ$ BRL1 A2REVI,NS = ,AM]ICAN /ATES1 S* Z ,,CA OR ,,NY1 %D 2 PREC$$ 0A S+LE LR SIGN :E!R !Y 9DICATE "O OR M ^WS4 #G1A1AB4 ,": A PR9T A2REVI,N DOES N SAVE SPACE Z AG/ GRADE #B1 E4G4 PT4 = 8"P01 ! RULE N[ SAYS T X IS P]MISSI# =! A2REVI,N 6BE 4P5S$ ) 7A"P F UNIT A2REVI,NS74 ,PREVI\SLY ! RULE SD T ! A2REVI,N %D G5],Y 2 4P5S$ )1 S ! *ANGE IS N[ 6FALL ON ! SIDE ( L1V+ ! A2REVI,N Z 9 ! ORIG9AL4 #G1B1H4 ,? RULE GIVES AN EXAMPLE (A /R+ ( UNSPAC$ A/]ISKS & PUNCTU,N M>KS REPRES5T+ A SWE> ^W4 #G1B1AJ4 ,! NEW BULLET SIGN1 DOTS #DEF#BEF1 MAY 2 US$1 FOLL[+ PR9T1 6M>K LI/$ ITEMS1 ETC4 ,H["E1 RULE #I1A1G SAYS T NORMAL PRACTICE IS 6OMIT ! BULLET SIGN & USE CELL #E-#A LAY\T = S* ITEMS1 Z IS ! TRADI;NAL BRL PRACTICE4 ,! AVAILABIL;Y (! BULLET SIGN W N"E!.S ALL[ BRL 6FOLL[ ! PR9T M ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #AI CLOSELY & RETA9 ! BULLET ": ? IS IMPORTANT1 OR ": X IS A P]SONAL PREF];E4 #G1C1B4 ,PLURAL REF];E A2REVI,NS1 Z 9 8#GH ;FF0 & 8#BE ;PP01 N[ REQUIRE A LR SIGN 2F ! A2REVI,N2 PREVI\SLY ^! 7 TR1T$ Z SPECIAL CASES & NO LR SIGN 0 US$4 #G1C1E4 ,": PR9T USES MULTIPLE SEC;N & P>AGRAPH SYMBOLS1 Z 9 8S'#E-#F01 ONLY A S+LE S* SIGN %D 2 US$ 9 BRL4 ,? RULE REMOVES ! CLUMSI;S ( MULTIPLE P>AGRAPH SYMBOLS : >E EA* BRLD Z 8P>04 #G1E1E4 ,A4$ 6! LI/ ( UNITS : %D 2 UNSPAC$ F A PREC$+ A NUMB] 9 BRL1 >E M"OT>Y SYMBOLS4 ,IN "PICUL>1 ? APPLIES 6! EURO & C5T4 #G1E1F4 ,? RULE 3TA9S A4I;NAL EXAMPLES ( UNIT A2REVI,NS PLAC$ 2T NUMB]S1 = EXAMPLE1 #C;M#EJ M1N+ #C M9UTES #EJ SECONDS4 ,AN EXAMPLE IS AL GIV5 = CASES S* Z #C#CB1FH 7M1N+ #C M9UTES1 #CB1FH SECONDS71 Z US$ 9 SPORTS TIM+S4 ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #BJ #G1E1I4 ,:5 ! P.D OR DOLL> SIGNS >E US$ )\T A NUMB]1 !Y %D 2 BRLD Z DOT #D#ABC & DOT #D#BEF1 RESPECTIVELY1 I4E4 Z ! NORMAL SIGN PREC$$ 0DOT #D1 B )\T A NUMB] SIGN4 ,? IS A NATURAL EXT5.N (! NEW RULE #G1E1AJ 72L74 #G1E1AJ4 ,:5 ! P.D OR DOLL> SIGNS >E US$ 9 3JUNC;N ) LRS1 Z 9 ,A@4#EJ 7M1N+ #EJ ,AU/RALIAN DOLL>S71 DOT #D %D 2 9S]T$ 2F ! SIGN 6AVOID AMBIGUITIES 7E4G4 ! DOLL> SIGN WD O!RWISE 2 R1D Z AN A2REVI,N PO9T74 ,? IS A NEW 9TRODUC;N4 ,NOTE T ? USE ( DOT #D FITS 9 )! FAMILY ( O!R M"OT>Y SYMBOLS 7E4G4 EURO1 Y51 ETC471 : ALL H A DOT #D PREFIX4 ,NOTE AL T ! SIGNS = P.D & DOLL> H N *ANG$ :5 US$ 9 NORMAL 3TEXTS1 E4G4 L#F4 #G1E1AB4 ,:5 ! DEGREE SIGN IS ABS5T1 TEMP]ATURE UNITS %D 2 SPAC$ F ! NUMB]1 Z 9 8#BA ;,C0 7#BA DEGREES ,CELSIUS74 ,? IS N A *ANGE F CURR5T PRACTICE1 B 0 N DOCU;T$ 2F4 #G1E1AD4 ,Z 9 #F1E1F1 ? RULE 3C]N+ ! ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #BA 9S];N (A DOT #F SEP>ATOR AF 9DICES1 ! DEGREE SIGN1 OR PRIME SIGNS1 2F FOLL[+ PUNCTU,N1 HAS BE5 CL>IFI$ 6SAY T X ONLY APPLIES IF ! PUNCTU,N 3SI/S (A L[] ;A-;J4 ,SEC;N #H4 ,USE ( ,3TRAC;NS #H1B1E4 ,^WSIGNS %D N 2 US$ = =EIGN ^WS 9 ,/&>D ,5GLI% ,BRL1 E4G4 9 ! ,G]MAN ^WS 8WAS0 & 8SO01 OR 9 ! ,>ABIC ^W 8,AS04 ,? 0 N DOCU;T$ 2F4 #H1B1G4 ,! EXAMPLE 8!) PR(ITS S*EME0 HAS BE5 A4$1 ": 8!0 & 8)0 MAY 2 SEQU5C$4 ,:5 8A0 IS A =EIGN ^W X %D N 2 SEQU5C$1 Z 9 8! A PRIORI04 #H1D1I4 ,? RULE /ATES T 8TO01 89TO0 & 8BY0 MAY 2 3TRACT$ & SEQU5C$ 6A FOLL[+ CAPITALIZ$ ^W4 ,? IS A *ANGE 6! RULE PREVI\SLY PUBLI%$ 9 8,CAPITALS 9 ,BRITI% ,BRL0 : /AT$ T SEQU5C+ 0 N P]MISSI# 9 S* CASES2 H["E1 ? N[ SEEMS 6BE AN UNNEC PRECAU;N4 #H1D1AA4 8TO01 89TO0 & 8BY0 MAY N 2 3TRACT$ 2F -PUT] CODE 9DICATORS1 NOR 2F ELECTRONIC A4RESSES BRLD 9 GRADE ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #BB "O4 #H1D1AB4 ,? RULE HAS BE5 EXT5D$ 6SAY T 8TO01 89TO0 & 8BY0 MAY 2 3TRACT$ AF MA!MATICAL SIGNS2 PREVI\SLY X ONLY SD T !Y CD N 2 US$ 2F MA!MATICAL SIGNS4 #H1D1AF4 ,! 3TRAC;N 8BE0 MAY N[ 9 G5]AL ONLY 2 US$ AT ! 2G9N+ (A ^W IF X 3/ITUTES A SYLLA#1 & IS UN/RESS$4 ,PREVI\SLY "! 0 NO REQUIRE;T T X 2 UN/RESS$4 ,= EXAMPLE1 8BE0 C NO L;G] 2 3TRACT$ 9 ! ^W 8BETA0 7! ,GREEK LR71 ": X CD H BE5 PREVI\SLY4 ,X IS 2LIEV$ T ? A4I;NAL REQUIRE;T W GIVE M NATURAL RESULTS1 & "! >E S"EAL EXAMPLES ( ? 9 ! 3TRAC;N LI/ 9 ,APP5DIX ,,III4 ,! ^WS 82+0 & 82IN'0 >E LEFT Z EXCEP;NS 9 : 8BE0 %D / 2 3TRACT$4 #H1D1BA4 ,! 3TRAC;NS 8BE01 8CON01 8DIS0 & 8COM0 MAY ONLY 2 US$ AT ! 2G9N+ (A BRL L9E 9 A DIVID$ ^W :5 ! FRAG;T ON ! NEW L9E IS A DIC;N>Y ^W ( COGNATE M1N+1 &! 3TRAC;NS WD H BE5 P]MISSI# 9 T ^W4 ,PREVI\SLY ! CLAUSE T ! FRAG;T 2 A DIC;N>Y ^W ( COGNATE M1N+ ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #BC 0 N PRES5T2 ! 9T5;N IS T ! EXTRA CLAUSE W EXCLUDE "S UNNATURAL CASES4 ,= EXAMPLE1 8CON0 C NO L;G] 2 3TRACT$ 9 ! DIVID$ ^W 8RE- CONCILE04 #H1D1BD4 ,! RULE AB ! USE (! 3TRAC;NS = 8IN0 & 85\<0 9 3JUNC;N ) PUNCTU,N HAS BE5 G5]ALIZ$ 6SAY T ! /R+ M/ 3TA9 AN UPP] SIGN2 PREVI\SLY X SD T ! /R+ M/ 3TA9 A LR (! ALPHABET OR AN UPP] 3TRAC;N4 ,AN EXAMPLE 9VOLV+ ANGLE BRACKETS IS 9CLUD$ 6%[ ! M 9CLUSIVE E6ECT (! AM5D;T 6? RULE4 #H1E1B4 ,A RULE IS N[ GIV5 T ! 3TRAC;N 8_H0 %D ONLY 2 US$ :5 ! ;A IS %ORT1 ?US EXCLUD+ ! CASE 8,HADRIAN04 ,IN PRACTICE ? IS G5],Y N A *ANGE1 B PREVI\SLY S* CASES 7 TR1T$ Z EXCEP;NS 9 ! ^W LI/ 9 ,APP5DIX ,,III1 &! PR9CIPLE 0 N EXPLICITLY /AT$ 9 A RULE4 #H1E1E4 ,IN ! RULE 3C]N+ ! 3TRAC;N 8"H01 ! 3DI;N T ! ;H %D 2 ASPIRAT$ HAS BE5 REMOV$4 ,?US ! 3TRAC;N 8"H0 IS N[ P]MISSI# 9 8SP"H04 #H1E1G4 ,! RULE 3C]N+ ! 3TRAC;N 8"O0 ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #BD N[ EXPLICITLY SAYS T X MAY 2 US$ 9 ! 5D+ ;ONEY4 ,PREVI\SLY CASES S* Z 8M"OY0 & 8H"OY0 7 REG>D$ Z EXCEP;NS1 B >E N[ 9CLUD$ 9 ! RULE4 #H1F1E4 ,! 3TRAC;N ;NESS MAY N[ 2 US$ 9 FEM99E 5D+S1 UN.S PREC$$ BY ;E OR ;I1 9 : CASE ! ;EN OR ;IN 3TRAC;NS %D 2 US$ 9/1D4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ;NESS C N[ 2 3TRACT$ 9 8LIO;S04 ,? IS REG>D$ Z A SIMPLIFIC,N (! 3TRAC;N RULES1 0REMOV+ ^! SPECIAL CASES4 #H1G1E4 ,? RULE 3C]N+ ! NE$ =A LR SIGN 6AVOID C]TA9 LR GR\PS 2+ R1D Z %ORT=MS 7E4G4 8;AL071 N[ NOTES T ! LR SIGN IS N NE$$ 9 GRADE "O BRL1 S9CE NO 3FU.N C >ISE4 #H1I1A4 ,! RULE ON BRIDG+ 3TRAC;NS ACR A PREFIX &! RE/ (! ^W HAS BE5 LIB]ALIZ$ 6"S DEGREE4 ,PREVI\SLY "! 0 A CLAUSE T EXCLUD$ CASES 9 : ! RE/ (! ^W 0 ANO!R ^W (! SAME "P ( SPEE* &)A SIMIL> M1N+4 ,? CLAUSE HAS BE5 REMOV$ Z X 0 ?"\ 6BE R TOO -PLICAT$ A 3CEPT 6APPLY 9 PRACTICE1 MAK+ TOO F9E A ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #BE 4T9C;N4 ,H["E1 CAU;N IS / ADVIS$ 6AVOID US+ BRIDG+ 3TRAC;NS : WD MAKE ! ^W H>D 6ASSIMILATE 0! R1D]4 ,EXAMPLES (! E6ECT ( ? *ANGE >E3 8D5,NALIZE0 7;EN 3TRAC;N N[ POSSI#71 SIMIL> TO 8D5OTE0 9 : ;EN ALW 0 POSSI#2 8MI/]M0 7;ST 3TRAC;N N[ POSSI#71 SIMIL> TO 8MI/AKE0 9 : ;ST ALW 0 POSSI#2 8PR$OM9ATE0 7;ED 3TRAC;N N[ POSSI#71 SIMIL> TO 8PR$IC;N0 9 : ;ED ALW 0 POSSI#4 #H1I1C4 ,! RULE ON BRIDG+ 3TRAC;NS ACR A SU6IX &! RE/ (! ^W N[ HAS ! CLAUSE A4$ T BRIDG+ 3TRAC;NS %D 2 AVOID$ :5 ASPIRAT$ ;H IS PREC$$ 0;C1 ;G1 ;S1 ;T OR ;W4 ,? IDEA IS N NEW1 B 0 N /AT$4 ,AN EXAMPLE IS 8KNIE N[ P]MISSI# :5 ! ;E =MS "P (A DIPH?;G4 ,E4G4 ^! 3TRAC;NS >E N[ P]MISSI# 9 8DIA]ESIS01 8PHO5IX01 8,GO]+0 & 8,BA$EK]04 ,Z 9 #H1I1A1 ? IS REG>D$ Z A SIMPLIFIC,N (! RULES4 ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #BF #H1AA1C4 ,= ,WEL% ^WS BRLD 9 ,/&>D ,5GLI% ,BRL1 9 ! SEQU;E ;EDD1 ! ;ED 3TRAC;N %D N 2 US$1 B ;DD MAY 2 72C ;DD IS A 4T9CT LR 9 ,WEL%74 ,SIMIL>LY1 9 ;OFF1 ;FF %D 2 US$1 B N ;OF4 #H1AA1D4 ,IN ! SEQU;E ;AAR 9 ,SC&9AVIAN ^WS 7": ;AA REPRES5TS ! LR ;A )A SUP]SCRIPT CIRCLE71 ! ;AR 3TRAC;N MAY / 2 US$4 #H1AC1D4 ,IN /AMM]$ OR SLURR$ ^WS1 SIMPLE GR\PSIGNS MAY N[ 2 US$ ACR ! B.D>Y ( SLURR$ OR /AMM]$ LRS1 B N -POSITE GR\PSIGNS OR %ORT=MS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ;OU B N ;OUNT C N[ 2 3TRACT$ 9 8COOOO\NTRY01 B ;ONG _C 2 3TRACT$ 9 8LOOOONG04 #H1AC1F4 ,:5 /AMM]$ ^WS1 9CLUD+ HYPH5S1 >E ITALICIZ$1 EA* ELE;T SEP>AT$ 0A HYPH5 IS TR1T$ Z A SEP>ATE ^W Z REG>DS ITALICS4 ,E4G4 9 8.S-.SI/]01 BO? ! ;S & 8SI/]0 %D 2 PREC$$ 0! ITALIC SIGN4 ,? IS 3SI/5T ) #E1E1I D1L+ ) SPELT \ ^WS4 ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #BG ,SEC;N #I4 ,LAY\T & ,BOOK"W #I1A1F4 ,? RULE1 D1L+ ) H1D+S1 N[ M5;NS ! USE ( 5D M>K]S1 #AB COLONS OR #AB -MAS1 AT ! 5D ( SEC;NS4 ,? IS A /&>D TRANSCRIP;N DEVICE B N PREVI\SLY COV]$ 9 ,BRITI% ,BRL4 #I1F1A4 ,? RULE1 D1L+ ) PLAY LAY\T1 9CLUDES ! CASE ( TRANSCRIP;NS ": CAPITALS >E 9DICAT$4 ,IN ? CASE SP1K]S' "NS >E SU6ICI5TLY 4T+UI%$ IF 9 CAPITALS1 & "! IS NO NE$ 6ITALICIZE !M Z IS USUAL = NON-CAPITALIZ$ BRL4 #I1H1C4 ,": AN 9D5T$ PASSAGE O3URS )9 A QUOT$ OR ITALICIZ$ PASSAGE1 ! QUOTES OR ITALICS ONLY NE$ 6BE REASS]T$ AT ! 2G9N+ (! 9D5T$ PASSAGE IF X 2G9S )A NEW P>AGRAPH4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ! QUOTES OR ITALICS ONLY NE$ 6BE REASS]T$ :5 ! NORMAL TEXT RESUMES1 IF X 2G9S )A NEW P>AGRAPH4 ,? CL>IFIES AN ISSUE N COV]$ PREVI\SLY4 #I1I1C4 ,? RULE ON ^W DIVI.N & 3TRAC;NS IS N[ M SPECIFIC4 ,DIVI.N %D N 2 MADE 9 ! MI4LE (A LR GR\P 3/ITUT+ ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #BH A PHONEME OR S+LE S.D 7S* Z ;CH OR ;TH7 : WD O!RWISE 2 3TRACT$4 ,H["E1 A DIVI.N C 2 MADE ": ! LRS (! 3TRAC;N 2L;G 64T9CT S.DS1 S* Z 8HIS- TORY04 ,APP5DICES ,APP5DIX ;,I 7;,B74 ,"S (! "NS (! ,HEBREW 3SONANTS H BE5 AM5D$ 9 L9E ) M REC5T S\RCES1 B ! TA# REMA9S ! SAME Z REG>DS ! CORRESPOND;E 2T BRL SIGNS & ,HEBREW "*S4 ,APP5DIX ;,I 7;,E74 ,! LI/ ( ,WEL% LRS HAS BE5 AM5D$ 9 A3ORD.E ) CURR5T PRACTICE4 ,! ACUTE A35T HAS *ANG$ 6DOTS #BE1 &A GRAVE A35T1 DOTS #BC1 HAS BE5 A4$4 ,X %D 2 NOT$ T A NEW 3TRACT$ ,WEL% CODE HAS APPE>$ S9CE ! LA/ $I;N ( ,BRITI% ,BRL1 &! ABV *ANGES >E 3SI/5T ) ? NEW CODE4 7,REF];E %D 2 MADE TO 8,WEL% ,BRL ,CODE--,BRL ,CYMRAEG047 ,APP5DIX ,,III4 ,GUIDE 6,3TRACT+4 ,? LI/ HAS BE5 AM5D$ 9 A3ORD.E )! *ANGES 6! RULES1 E4G4 Z M5;N$ "U #H1D1AF 7;BE71 #H1E1B 7;HAD71 #H1E1E 7;HERE71 ,BRITI% ,BRL #BJJD #BI #H1F1E 7;NESS71 #H1I1A 7BRIDG+ 3TRAC;NS71 #H1I1F 7DIPH?;GS71 #H1AA1C 7;EDD & ;OFF 9 ,WEL%74 ,IN A4I;N1 A FEW A4I;NAL EXAMPLES H BE5 A4$1 E4G4 ,BELVOIR1 BUL#T1 ,*'+1 FILOFAX1 FRO-+1 ,L5EUVE1 PAGANDOM1 PSION1 ,!AK/"O4 ,9DEX4 ,? IS F> M DETAIL$ -P>$ 6! 9DEX 9 ! PREVI\S $I;N4 ,Z A 3SEQU;E ! R1D] %D N[ F9D X EASI] 6G DIRECTLY 6A SPECIFIC SUBJECT 9 ! CODEBOOK1 R ?AN HAV+ 6*ECK A NUMB] ( POSSI# PLACES ": X MI4 ,AUGU/ #BJJD 333333333333